Mohamed Nasheed prezident Malediv

Mohamed Nasheed (narozen 17. května 1967, Muž, Maledivy), novinář, aktivista a politik, který byl zvolen prezidentem Malediv v roce 2008, ale na začátku roku 2012 rezignoval na funkci, kterou charakterizoval jako převrat.

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Nasheed navštěvoval gymnázium v ​​Male a poté navštěvoval školy v Colombu na Srí Lance (1981–82) a ve West Lavington ve Wiltshire v Anglii (1982–84). V roce 1989 získal bakalářský titul v námořním studiu na Liverpoolské univerzitě Johna Moorese.

Nasheed se vrátil na Maledivy av roce 1990 se stal asistentem editora nového časopisu Sangu, který kritizoval vládu Pres. Maumoon Abdul Gayoom. Sangu byl zakázán a Nasheed byl odsouzen k domácímu vězení. Později toho roku byl uvězněn a po dobu 18 měsíců byl držen v izolaci. V roce 1992 byl odsouzen na tři roky vězení, ale byl propuštěn v roce 1993. Nasheed požádal o vládní povolení k vytvoření nezávislé politické strany v roce 1994, ale jeho žádost byla zamítnuta. Počínaje dubnem 1996 sloužil šest měsíců vězení za článek, který napsal ve filipínském časopise o volbách na Maledivách v letech 1993 a 1994.

In 1999 Nasheed was elected to the Maldivian parliament, the People’s Majlis. He was arrested again in October 2001, and in the following month he was sentenced to two and a half years’ exile to a remote island. In March 2002, while in exile, he was expelled from the Majlis because he had not attended the parliament for six months; he was released in August. After riots in the capital, Male, in September 2003, Nasheed left the Maldives for Sri Lanka, and while in exile there he helped found the opposition Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) in November 2004.

Presidency

Nasheed se vrátil na Maledivy v dubnu 2005. V červnu měla maledivská vláda schválit právní předpisy umožňující politickým stranám účastnit se voleb a Nasheed jako šéf MDP zahájil kampaň nenásilného občanského neposlušnosti, jejímž cílem bylo přinést na Maledivy větší demokracii. Znovu zadržen, strávil více než rok v domácím vězení (2005–06). V prvních svobodných prezidentských volbách na Maledivách v říjnu 2008 Nasheed porazil Gayoom 54% hlasů.

Jako prezident se Nasheed stal mezinárodně známým pro své otevřené úsilí o zastavení změny klimatu. Všechny Maledivské ostrovy leží nízko, žádný z nich se zvedá na více než 6 metrů nad mořem. V roce 2009 Nasheed napsal: „Zvýšení hladiny moře dokonce o půl metru by učinilo velkou část [Malediv] neobyvatelnou.

But the Maldives is no special case; simply the canary in the world’s coal mine.” The Maldives announced plans that year to become the world’s first carbon-neutral nation by 2020. Nasheed even held a cabinet meeting underwater in October to draw attention to the danger the Maldives would face from rising sea levels. In June 2010 relations between Nasheed and the People’s Majlis reached a new low when Nasheed’s entire cabinet resigned to protest the parliament’s blocking of the Nasheed government’s initiatives. Nasheed reappointed his cabinet. A 2011 documentary film, The Island President, covered Nasheed’s history of political activism and his environmental-protection efforts as president.

Nasheed’s administration continued to be hampered by loyalty to Gayoom within the judiciary and among members of the opposition Maldive People’s Party in the Majlis. In January 2012 Nasheed had a senior criminal court judge arrested for alleged bias in favour of the political opposition. After weeks of street protests by citizens opposed to the arrest, Nasheed resigned in early February and was replaced by his vice president, Mohamed Waheed Hassan. Shortly thereafter Nasheed claimed his resignation had been forced by the police and military, and his supporters staged protests and called for early elections. In August an official commission of inquiry backed by the Commonwealth announced its finding that Nasheed’s resignation had been voluntary and that there had been no coup. Meanwhile, in July charges were filed against him for what was deemed to have been his illegal arrest of the criminal court judge in January. Nasheed’s trial was delayed repeatedly over the following months through various appeals and hearings. He charged that the proceedings were meant to result in his disqualification from contesting the scheduled September 2013 presidential election. In March 2013 it was announced that the trial would be delayed until after the election, in which Nasheed was running as the MDP candidate.

In the September 7 election Nasheed won a large plurality of votes (45 percent) but not enough to avoid a runoff election against the second-place candidate. That election was scheduled for September 28, but legal challenges to the first election’s validity delayed the second vote and eventually resulted in the annulment of the results. A new election was held November 16. Nasheed, the front-runner, was defeated narrowly by Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom, the half-brother of Maumoon Abdul Gayoom.

Exile and return

In February 2015 the charges against Nasheed were dropped. However, shortly thereafter he was re-charged, and in March he was found guilty of having illegally arrested the criminal court judge. Nasheed was sentenced to 13 years in prison. In December he was granted leave to travel to Great Britain for medical treatment. While there, he gathered support for his case and warned of growing authoritarianism in his country. The British government granted him asylum as a political refugee in May 2016. Nasheed left for Sri Lanka later that year, where he remained until late 2018. The Supreme Court of the Maldives stayed the charges against him on October 30, 2018, more than a month after a presidential election had been won by a senior leader of the MDP, and he returned to the Maldives two days later.