Spencer Tracy, plně Spencer Bonaventure Tracy, (narozen 5. dubna 1900, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA - zemřel 10. června 1967, Beverly Hills, Kalifornie), americká filmová hvězda, která byla jednou z největších hollywoodských mužských náskoků a první herec obdrží dvě po sobě jdoucí akademické ceny za nejlepšího herce.
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Filmová škola: Fakta nebo fikce?
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Jako mládí se Tracy nudil ve škole a v sedmnácti letech se stal členem amerického námořnictva. Navzdory jeho nechuti k akademikům se nakonec stal promyšleným studentem na Wisconsinově Ripon College. Zatímco tam, on se účastnil konkurzu a získal roli v zahajovací hře a objevil hraní být více k jeho zálibě než medicína. V roce 1922 odešel do New Yorku, kde se se svým přítelem Pat O'Brien zapsal na Americkou akademii dramatických umění. Téhož roku oba muži debutovali na Broadwayi a hráli bitové role jako roboti v RUR Karla Čapka. V následujících osmi letech se Tracy odrazila mezi vystupujícími částmi v krátkých Broadwayových hrách a vedoucími pozicemi v regionálních akciových společnostech a nakonec dosáhla hvězdné slávy, když on byl obsazen jako smrtelný vězeň Killer Mears v 1930 Broadway hit The Last Mile. Následně se objevil ve dvou krátkých předmětech Vitafonu,ale byl sám sebou nelíbený a pesimistický ohledně svých šancí na hvězdnou hvězdu.
Nevertheless, director John Ford hired Tracy to star in the 1930 feature film Up the River, which resulted in a five-year stay at Fox Studios in Hollywood. Although few of his Fox films were memorable—excepting perhaps Me and My Gal (1932), 20,000 Years in Sing Sing (1932), and The Power and the Glory (1933)—his tenure at the studio enabled him to develop his uncanny ability to act without ever appearing to be acting. His friend Humphrey Bogart once attempted to describe the elusive Tracy technique: “[You] don’t see the mechanism working, the wheels turning. He covers up. He never overacts or is hammy. He makes you believe what he is playing.” For his part, Tracy always denied that he had come up with any sort of magic formula. Whenever he was asked the secret of great acting, he usually snapped, “Learn your lines!”
In 1935 he was signed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where he would do some of his best work, beginning with his harrowing performance as a lynch-mob survivor in Fritz Lang’s Fury (1936). He received his first of nine Oscar nominations for San Francisco (1936) and became the first actor to win two consecutive Academy Awards, for his performance as the Portuguese fisherman Manuel in Captains Courageous (1937) and for his role as the priest who founded the eponymous facility in Boys Town (1938). In the course of his two decades at MGM he settled gracefully into character leads, conveying everything from paternal bemusement in Father of the Bride (1950) to grim determination in Bad Day at Black Rock (1955). In later years his health was eroded by respiratory ailments and a lifelong struggle with alcoholism, but Tracy worked into the early 1960s, delivering exceptionally powerful performances in producer-director Stanley Kramer’s Inherit the Wind (1960) and Judgment at Nuremberg (1961).
Married since 1923 to former actress Louise Treadwell, Tracy lived apart from his wife throughout most of their marriage, though as a strict Roman Catholic he refused to consider divorce. From 1942 onward, he maintained a warm, intimate relationship with actress Katharine Hepburn. Tracy and Hepburn were also memorably teamed in nine films, including Woman of the Year (1942), Adam’s Rib (1949), Pat and Mike (1952), Desk Set (1957), and Kramer’s Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner (1967), which was completed three weeks before Tracy’s death.
