Miloš Forman - Hořelo má panenko (Smět 2024)
Miloš Forman, (narozen 18. února 1932, Čáslav, Československo - dne 13. dubna 2018, Danbury, Connecticut, USA), český filmař New Wave, který byl známý především pro výrazně americké filmy, které on dělal po jeho imigraci do Spojených států.
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Kdo hrál Merry Brandybuck ve filmech Pána prstenů?
Forman vyrostl v malém městečku nedaleko Prahy. Poté, co jeho rodiče, aktivistický učitel Rudolf Forman a protestantská hospodyňka zemřeli v nacistických koncentračních táborech, byl vychován dvěma strýci a rodinnými přáteli; v 60. letech se dozvěděl, že jeho biologickým otcem nebyl Rudolf Forman, ale židovský architekt. V polovině 50. let Forman studoval na Filmové fakultě Akademie umění v Praze. Po ukončení studia napsal dva scénáře, z nichž první Nechte to na mně (1955; Nechte to na mě) natáčel známý český režisér Martin Frič. Forman byl pomocným režisérem na druhém z těchto scénářů, romance Štěňata (1958; Cubs).
Skrz padesátá léta a časná šedesátá léta Forman působil jako spisovatel nebo pomocný režisér jiných filmů. První hlavní inscenace, které režíroval, Černý Petr (1964; Černý Peter) a Lásky jedné plavovlásky (1965; Loves of a Blonde), měly velký úspěch jak na domácím, tak na mezinárodním poli. - a Forman byl oslavován jako hlavní talent české nové vlny. Jeho rané filmy byly charakterizovány zkoumáním života dělnické třídy a jejich nadšením pro socialistický životní styl. Tyto prvky jsou patrné také v Hoří, má panenko (1967; Hasičský ples), který s jemnou satirou zkoumal sociální a morální problémy. Když byl hasičský ples v Československu po sovětské invazi v roce 1968 zakázán, Forman emigroval do Spojených států; stal se USAobčan v roce 1975.
Forman’s first American film was Taking Off (1971), a story about runaway teenagers and their parents. Although not a box-office success, it won the jury grand prize at the Cannes film festival. The movie was also notable for being the last of Forman’s works to incorporate his early themes. Most of his American films are also bereft of the earlier social concerns that defined his Czech films, although he clearly demonstrated his mastery of the craft of direction and showed a remarkable ability to work with actors.
One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1975) was an independent production that had been turned down by every major studio, but it catapulted Forman to the forefront of Hollywood directors. A potent adaptation of Ken Kesey’s 1962 novel, it starred Jack Nicholson as Randle P. McMurphy, an irrepressible free spirit who cons his way from a prison work farm into a mental hospital. Against his better judgment, he enters into a war of wills with the sadistic head nurse (played by Louise Fletcher). The film became the first since It Happened One Night (1934) to win all five major Academy Awards: best picture, actor (Nicholson), actress (Fletcher), director, and screenplay (Bo Goldman and Lawrence Hauben).
Hair (1979) was Forman’s much-anticipated version of the Broadway musical, but it was a disappointment at the box office, despite receiving generally positive reviews. The director then made Ragtime (1981), a handsomely mounted, expensive adaptation of E.L. Doctorow’s best-selling novel about early 20th-century America. The historical drama starred James Cagney in his first credited big-screen appearance in some 20 years; it was the actor’s last feature film. Ragtime, however, also failed to find an audience, although it received eight Oscar nominations.
Forman rebounded from those mild disappointments with the acclaimed Amadeus (1984), Peter Shaffer’s reworking of his stage success. F. Murray Abraham gave an Oscar-winning performance as the jealous Antonio Salieri, and Tom Hulce earned praise as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The lavish production won eight Oscars, including for best picture and Forman’s second for best director. After that triumph he took a five-year break from directing, reappearing with Valmont (1989), an adaptation of Pierre Choderlos de Laclos’s classic novel Dangerous Liaisons. However, Forman’s version—which starred Colin Firth, Annette Bening, and Meg Tilly—was generally compared unfavourably to Stephen Frears’s adaptation, which had been released the previous year.
In 1996 Forman returned to form with The People vs. Larry Flynt, a biopic of the pornographic magazine publisher whose legal battles provoked debates about freedom of speech. The dramedy featured strong performances, notably by Woody Harrelson in an Oscar-nominated turn as the controversial Flynt, Courtney Love as Flynt’s wife, and Edward Norton as his frustrated attorney. Forman earned an Academy Award nomination for his directing. He also garnered praise for Man on the Moon (1999), in which Jim Carrey channeled the genius of the late comic Andy Kaufman. The fine supporting cast included Danny DeVito, Love, and Paul Giamatti. Less successful was Goya’s Ghosts (2006), a costume drama starring Natalie Portman as a model for the artist Francisco de Goya (Stellan Skarsgård) and Javier Bardem as a church official who rapes her after she is unjustly imprisoned during the Spanish Inquisition. In 2009 Forman codirected the musical Dobre placená procházka (A Walk Worthwhile).
In addition to his directorial efforts, Forman occasionally acted in films, including Heartburn (1986), Keeping the Faith (2000), and Les Bien-Aimés (2011; Beloved). He also cowrote (with Jan Novák) the memoir Turnaround (1994).
